Thursday, June 16, 2016

Social Institutions

Meaning:

qIt is the simplest and most elementary forms of society
qThe family is the first group  in which we find ourselves.
qIt is the most permanent  and persistent of all social institutions

qIn sociological meaning  the family is the small group consisting  ordinarily of father, mother,  one or more children  and sometimes  near and distant relatives.

                                                         Some Definitions

q Family is the more or less durable  association  of husband and wife  with or without child, or of a
man or woman alone, with children (M. F. Nimkoff).
qThe biological social unit composed of husband, wife and children (Eliot and Merrill).
q A group defined by sex relationship sufficiently precise  and enduring  to provide  for the
procreation and upbringing of children (Maciver).

 Characteristics

qMarriage relationship
q selection of mates
q A form of marriage
qA system of nomenclature ( classification)
q A way of tracing the Descent  ( Descent= social recognition of biological relationship between individuals
qA common residence
q An economic provision

Types: Nuclear and Joint
Nuclear Family

qIt is comprised of one married couple  residing together  with their children
Joint or extended family
q Extended family are the whole network of parents, children, and other  relatives  who form a
family unit( Read more from different sources)
Patriarchal:
qThe male of the family is possessed of inclusive powers
q Male is the owner and administrator of family property and right
qMale enjoys full authority over the family members
qThe family system of Nepal is based on Patriarchal

 Chief characteristics of  patriarchal  family

q the wife after marriage comes to live in the home of the husband
qThe father is the supreme lord of the family property
qDescent is reckoned through the father. the children  are  known by the  name of the family of their father.
q the children can inherit the property of their  father only. They have no right  over the property of  the mother’s family.

  1. Matriarchal

q In the matriarchal  family the authority vest in the woman head of the  family with the male being subordinate.
qShe is the owner of  property and rules over the family
qThe earliest types of the family was the Matriarchal
q
Chief characteristics of  Matriarchal
  family
qDescent is reckoned through the mother
qThe authority in the family rests in the  hands of wife .
qProperty is transferred through the  mother and only female succeed to it.
  Some of the function of the family have radically changed today while some others have receivedmore attention  of the public
The sexual regulation function  of the family has not changed much
The reproductive function of the family has suffered  in the Western societies.
In the past fifty years  the parental and education functions  of the family have been  shifted to  certain external agencies like hospital, maternity home, child care centers , nurseries, kindergartens etc
 The protective functions of the family have declined particularly in the west
the economic function of the family has been disturbed a great deal ( due to low and more members)
The recreational function of the family is loosing importance
It seems that socialization functions of the family  is gaining increased  attention.
 Some of the function of the family have radically changed today while some others have received
more attention  of the public
The sexual regulation function  of the family has not changed much
The reproductive function of the family has suffered  in the Western societies.
In the past fifty years  the parental and education functions  of the family have been  shifted to  certain external agencies like hospital, maternity home, child care centers , nurseries, kindergartens etc

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